// NETWORK FUNDAMENTALS

THE OSI
MODEL

Seven Layers · One Framework · Infinite Networks

Master the Open Systems Interconnection model — the universal language of network communication used by every cybersecurity professional.

Seven Layers of Communication

Click any layer to expand details. Layers are numbered from the bottom (Physical) to the top (Application).

Layers Top → Bottom

All People Seem To Need Data Processing

Apply What You Learned

Three exercises to reinforce OSI understanding through packet simulation, protocol sorting, and a graded knowledge check.

LAB 1 · PACKET JOURNEY
LAB 2 · PROTOCOL SORTER
LAB 3 · KNOWLEDGE CHECK

OBJECTIVE: Watch how your message gets encapsulated — wrapped with a new header at each layer as it travels DOWN the OSI stack from sender to wire.
Type any message, then press NEXT LAYER to step through the process one layer at a time.

// Ready — press NEXT LAYER to begin encapsulation at Layer 7...

OBJECTIVE: Drag each protocol chip from the pool and drop it onto the correct OSI layer drop zone.
A chip turns green when correctly placed. Red means wrong layer — try again. Place all 20 to complete the lab.

// PROTOCOL POOL — DRAG EACH TO ITS LAYER
// OSI LAYERS — DROP ZONES
0 / 20 correctly placed